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Thermovenabulum gondwanense sp. nov., a thermophilic, anaerobic, Fe(III)-reducing bacterium isolated from microbial mats thriving in a Great Artesian Basin bore runoff channel

Griffith University

¹ E-mail: b.patel{at}griffith.edu.au

A strictly anaerobic, thermophilic bacterium, designated strain R270T, was isolated from microbial mats thriving in the thermal waters (66 °C) of a Great Artesian Basin (GAB) bore (Registered Number 17263) runoff channel. The cells of strain R270T were straight to slightly curved rods (3.5–6.0x0.75–1.0 µm) which stained Gram-positive but possessed a Gram-negative cell-wall ultrastructure. Strain R270T grew optimally in Tryptone-Yeast Extract-Casamino acids (TYECas) medium at 65 °C (growth temperature range between 50 and 70 °C) and at pH 7.0 (growth pH range between 6.0 and 9.0). In the presence of 0.02 and 0.10 % yeast extract, pyruvate and casamino acids were the only substrates fermented from a wide spectrum of substrates tested. Fe(III), Mn(IV), thiosulfate and elemental sulfur but not sulfate, sulfite, nitrate, nitrite or fumarate were used as electron acceptors in the presence 0.2 % yeast extract. The growth of strain R270T was increased in the presence of Fe(III) which was reduced in the presence of peptone, tryptone, casamino acids, amyl media, starch, pyruvate, and H2 and CO2 but not acetate, lactate, propionate, formate, benzoate, glycerol and ethanol. Growth and Fe(III-reduction) was inhibited by chloroamphenicol, streptomycin, tetracycline, penicillin, ampicillin and 2 % NaCl (w/v). The mol% G+C content of DNA was 41±1 (Tm), and phylogenetic analysis of the 16S rRNA gene indicated that strain R270T was closely related to Thermovenabulum ferriorganovorum (similarity value of 96.1 %) within the family Syntrophomonadaceae, class Clostridia, phylum Firmicutes. On the basis of the large phylogenetic distance separating the two, together with differences in a number of key phenotypic characteristics, we propose to designate strain R270T a novel species of the genus Thermovenabulum, for which the name Thermovenabulum gondwanense sp. nov. is proposed. The type strain is R270T (=KCTC 5616T =DSM 21133T).